12. Anglo-Saxonizing Machines

Anglo-Saxonizing Machines: Exclusion America, White Australia by Michael Williams, contrasts the restrictive immigration policies targeting Chinese people in Australia and the United States from the mid-19th to the mid-20th centuries. It examines the political and social contexts that shaped these laws and their enforcement, highlighting that while both countries aimed to limit Chinese entry, the United States laws were more complex with various exemptions, unlike Australia's more consistent and exclusionary approach.

The discussion also explores the impact of these policies on Chinese individuals, noting differences in return migration patterns, the role of courts and citizenship laws, and the rise of illegal entry methods like the "paper son" system in the United States. Comparing the experiences in both nations provides a broader understanding of the restrictive laws and the diverse motivations of Chinese migrants.

For the published article see: Williams, M., 2003, ‘Anglo-Saxonizing machines: Exclusion America, White Australia’, Chinese America – History and Perspectives, vol. 17, pp. 23-33.

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